STM32F405RGT6 is a high-performance 32-bit microcontroller launched by STMicroelectronics. It is based on the ARM Cortex-M4 core, with a maximum frequency of up to 168MHz, and has powerful processing capabilities and rich peripheral interfaces. This microcontroller has built-in 1MB of flash memory and 192KB of SRAM to meet the storage needs of complex applications.

It is a member of the STM32F4 series, with rich peripherals and powerful performance, suitable for various embedded applications. This microcontroller is commonly used in product development in industrial control, consumer electronics, automotive electronics, medical equipment and other fields. STM32F405RGT6 has rich peripheral resources, including multiple general-purpose timers, serial communication interfaces (SPI, I2C, USART, etc.), analog-to-digital converters (ADC), Ethernet interfaces, etc., providing developers with flexible design options.

The STM32F405RGT6 series uses high-speed embedded memory (Flash capacity up to 1 MB, SRAM capacity up to 192 KB) to back up SRAM, as well as connect to two APB buses, three AHB buses and a 32-bit multi-AHB bus matrix.

Ⅰ.Specifications of STM32F405RGT6

•Number of digits:32
•Number of pins:64
•Humidity Sensitivity:Yes
•ADC resolution:12 bit
•Data bus width:32 bit
•Package/Case:LQFP-64
•Installation style:SMD/SMT
•DAC resolution:12 bit
•Products:MCU+FPUs
•Analog-to-digital conversion number (ADC):3
•Supply voltage-Minimum:1.8 V
•Supply voltage-Max:3.6 V
•Minimum operating temperature:-40℃
•Maximum operating temperature:+85℃
•Program memory type:Flash
•Core:ARM Cortex M4
•Program memory size:1 MB
•Data Ram type:SRAM
•Data RAM size:192 kB
•Number of input/output terminals:51 I/O
•Maximum clock frequency:168 MHz
•Number of ADC channels:16 Channel
•Product category:ARM microcontroller-MCU
•Data converter:A/D 16x12b; D/A 2x12b
•Product type:ARM Microcontrollers-MCU
•Watchdog Timer:Watchdog Timer, Windowed
•Peripherals:Brownout detection/reset, DMA, I2S, LCD, POR, PWM, WDT
•Interface type:CAN, I2C, SDIO, I2S/SPI, UART/USART, USB

 

Ⅱ.Features of STM32F405RGT6

 

•High integration: integrates a variety of peripherals and functions, reducing the need for external devices, saving system costs and PCB space.

•Wide range of applications: Suitable for product development in industrial control, consumer electronics, automotive electronics, medical equipment and other fields.

•High operating frequency: It can usually work at a main frequency of up to 168MHz, providing fast computing capabilities.

•Powerful performance: It has excellent performance indicators and is suitable for various high-performance embedded applications, such as real-time control, graphics processing, etc.

•ARM Cortex-M4 core: Equipped with a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4 core, which provides high-performance processing capabilities and a rich instruction set.

•Rich development support: Provides a variety of development tools and software support, including official STM32CubeMX software and HAL libraries, as well as third-party integrated development environments (IDEs).

•High-performance processing capabilities: Based on the ARM Cortex-M4 core, the STM32F405RGT6 has a main frequency of up to 168MHz, providing powerful computing and processing capabilities. This allows it to easily cope with application scenarios that require high-speed computing and complex data processing.

•Security and reliability: STM32F405RGT6 provides a variety of security features, including read protection, write protection, hardware encryption, etc. These features can protect the data and codes stored in the chip from illegal access or tampering, improving the security and reliability of the system.

•Low power consumption design: STM32F405RGT6 adopts advanced power management technology and supports a variety of low power consumption modes, such as Sleep, Stop, Standby, etc. Through reasonable power configuration and management, low power consumption operation can be achieved, effectively extending the system usage time.

•Multiple memory options: STM32F405RGT6 supports multiple memory options, including Flash memory (maximum capacity 1MB) and SRAM (maximum capacity 192KB). This enables it to meet the storage needs of different applications, providing greater flexibility and scalability.

•Rich peripheral interfaces: STM32F405RGT6 has a variety of built-in peripheral interfaces, including multiple universal timers, universal serial interfaces, I2C, SPI, USART, etc. These interfaces enable it to easily connect and communicate with external devices and modules, meeting various application needs.

•Powerful communication capabilities: STM32F405RGT6 supports multiple communication protocols, including Ethernet MAC, USB OTG, CAN, etc. This allows it to easily communicate with networks and external devices, meeting the needs for data exchange and remote control in modern applications.

Ⅲ.Pin configuration of STM32F405RGT6

•PA0–PA15: GPIO port A, supports general input and output, timer input and other functions.
•PB0–PB15: GPIO port B, similar to port A, has multiple functions.
•PC0–PC15: GPIO port C, which can be used for serial port, SPI, I2C and other interfaces.
•PD0–PD15: GPIO port D, supports peripheral connection.
•PE0–PE15: GPIO port E, providing additional GPIO pins.

 

Ⅳ.Use STM32F405RGT6 for embedded system development

1.Choose development tools: First, you need to choose suitable development tools. STMicroelectronics provides a series of development tools and software support, including STM32CubeMX, STM32CubeIDE, etc. You can also choose third-party development tools.

2.Set up a development environment: Install and configure the development tools of your choice to ensure that the development environment can correctly communicate with STM32F405RGT6.

3.Create project: Use the development tool to create a new project and select STM32F405RGT6 as the target chip.

4.Configure peripherals: Use STM32CubeMX or other configuration tools to configure the peripherals of STM32F405RGT6, including GPIO, timers, serial ports, etc. You can configure it according to your specific application needs.

5.Write code: According to project requirements, write C/C++ code to control the peripherals and functions of STM32F405RGT6. You can use the initialization code generated by STM32CubeMX as a starting point and then modify and extend it as needed.

6.Debugging and testing: During the development process, use debugging tools and hardware debugging interfaces to debug and test the code to ensure the stability and correctness of the system.

7.Optimization and verification: Optimize the code to minimize resource occupation and power consumption, and conduct system verification to ensure that the system meets performance and functional requirements.

8.Deployment and production: Deploy the developed embedded system to the target hardware and conduct production testing and verification.

9.Continuous maintenance: Regularly maintain and update the system to ensure the stability and security of the system.

Ⅴ.Typical connection diagram using the ADC of STM32F405RGT6

 

Ⅵ.Power supply and reference decoupling of STM32F405RGT6

 

Ⅶ.Configure the external interrupt of STM32F405RGT6

1.Configure external interrupt lines: STM32F405RGT6 supports multiple external interrupt lines. You need to configure the interrupt line corresponding to the GPIO port. This is usually achieved by setting the relevant registers of the NVIC (Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller). You need to call the NVIC initialization function, such as NVIC_Init, and set an NVIC_InitTypeDef structure to specify the interrupt line priority, preemption priority, enable interrupts, etc.

2.Enable the external interrupt clock: First, you need to enable the clock of the GPIO port used by the external interrupt. This can be achieved by calling the corresponding clock enable function, such as RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);, where it is assumed that the external interrupt is connected to the GPIOA port.

3.Write an interrupt handling function: Finally, you need to write an interrupt handling function (interrupt service routine), which is called when the external interrupt is triggered. You can use the extern keyword to declare an interrupt handling function and implement your interrupt handling logic in the function.

4.Configure GPIO as interrupt mode: Next, you need to configure GPIO as interrupt mode. This can be achieved by calling the GPIO_Init function, in which you need to set a GPIO_InitTypeDef structure to specify the GPIO configuration parameters, including mode (interrupt mode), output type, speed, pull-up/pull-down, etc.

 

Ⅷ.Application fields of STM32F405RGT6

1.Industrial automation: The high performance and rich peripheral interfaces of STM32F405RGT6 make it very suitable for industrial automation control systems, such as PLC (programmable logic controller), industrial robots, sensors, drives, etc.

•Programmable Logic Controller (PLC): The STM32F405RGT6 has enough processing power to execute complex control algorithms and can communicate with external devices through various interfaces. Its multiple serial communication interfaces (such as USART, SPI, I2C, etc.) allow it to easily connect with sensors, actuators, and other control devices. In addition, the STM32F405RGT6 provides a real-time clock (RTC) and advanced timers, which are essential for achieving precise timing and control functions.

•Sensor interface: STM32F405RGT6 provides analog and digital peripheral interfaces, making it easy to connect with various types of sensors. For example, through its ADC (analog-to-digital converter) interface, the output of an analog sensor can be read directly. In addition, the STM32F405RGT6’s multiple GPIO ports can be easily connected to digital sensors.

•Energy management: STM32F405RGT6 can also be used to monitor and control the energy usage of industrial equipment to achieve energy saving and efficient energy management. By collecting and analyzing data, equipment can be adjusted to reduce energy consumption and environmental impact.

•Industrial robots: Robots require precise motion control and high-speed data processing capabilities. The STM32F405RGT6 provides a high-precision PWM output (via its timer) to control the motor driver for fine motion control. In addition, its floating-point unit (FPU) accelerates mathematical calculations, allowing real-time control algorithms to run faster and more accurately.

•Communication and Network: In industrial automation, communication is an indispensable part. STM32F405RGT6 provides a variety of communication interfaces such as Ethernet, CAN, and USB, allowing the device to easily communicate with upper-level management systems, other controllers, or cloud services.

2.Medical equipment: The high performance and precise analog signal acquisition function of STM32F405RGT6 make it very suitable for use in medical equipment, such as electrocardiographs, sphygmomanometers, etc.

•Blood pressure monitor: Among blood pressure monitors, the STM32F405RGT6 can accurately measure and record the output signal of the blood pressure sensor. Through its ADC and signal processing functions, the blood pressure value can be calculated in real time and the results are displayed to the user through the display or wireless transmission.

•Electrocardiograph (ECG/EKG): STM32F405RGT6 provides a high-performance analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that can accurately collect weak bioelectric signals from the patient's skin surface and convert them into digital data for further processing and analysis. This is crucial for an electrocardiograph, which needs to accurately capture the heart's electrical activity.

•Patient monitoring system: In complex patient monitoring systems, STM32F405RGT6 can be used as a central control unit to collect and process data from a variety of sensors (such as temperature sensors, respiratory rate sensors, heart rate sensors, etc.). It can analyze this data in real time and issue alerts when anomalies occur.

3.Aerospace: such as flight control systems, navigation systems, communication systems, etc. The high performance and reliability of the STM32F405RGT6 make it an ideal choice for the aerospace industry. The aerospace field has extremely high performance requirements for hardware equipment, especially in key parts such as flight control systems, navigation systems and communication systems.

4.Smart home: STM32F405RGT6 can be used as the control and communication module in smart home systems to achieve remote control and intelligent management of home appliances, such as smart lighting systems, smart door locks, smart home appliances, etc. In the field of smart home, the STM32F405RGT6 microcontroller also plays an important role. Smart home systems require controllers with powerful processing capabilities, rich peripheral interfaces, and stable communication capabilities to achieve effective control and management of various smart devices.

5.Communication equipment: including wireless communication equipment, network equipment, data transmission equipment, etc. STM32F405RGT6 has rich communication interfaces and protocol support, which can meet the needs of communication equipment. STM32F405RGT6 supports multiple communication protocols, such as TCP/IP, UDP, FTP, HTTP, etc. This allows the microcontroller to work in different network environments, communicate with remote devices, and implement functions such as remote monitoring, data analysis, and control.

6.Medical equipment: such as medical monitoring equipment, medical imaging equipment, medical diagnostic equipment, etc. The high performance and reliability of STM32F405RGT6 can meet the performance and safety requirements of medical equipment. The high performance of the STM32F405RGT6 enables it to quickly process the large amounts of data generated in medical equipment. In medical monitoring equipment, it can monitor patients' physiological parameters in real time, such as electrocardiogram, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, etc., and quickly analyze the data to provide accurate monitoring results.

7.Automotive electronics: including vehicle infotainment systems, body control systems, engine control systems, etc. STM32F405RGT6 has good anti-interference ability and reliability, and is suitable for automotive electronic system applications. STM32F405RGT6 has excellent anti-interference capabilities. Automotive electronic systems are often subject to electromagnetic interference from the external environment during work, such as engine noise, electromagnetic pulses, etc. STM32F405RGT6 adopts advanced anti-interference design, including electromagnetic shielding, decoupling capacitors, etc., which can effectively suppress these interferences and ensure the stable operation of automotive electronic systems.

8.Consumer electronics: such as smart home devices, smart wearable devices, personal electronic products, etc. The low-power design and rich peripherals of STM32F405RGT6 can meet the performance and power consumption requirements of consumer electronics products. The low-power design of STM32F405RGT6 enables it to have a long battery life in consumer electronics products. With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and intelligent technology, consumers have put forward higher requirements for the battery life of consumer electronic products. STM32F405RGT6 achieves efficient operation in low-power mode through advanced energy-saving technology and intelligent power management, thereby extending the use time and standby time of consumer electronic products.

 

Frequently Asked Questions

1.What is the core architecture of the STM32F405RGT6 microcontroller?
It is based on the ARM Cortex-M4 core architecture.

2.What are some of the key peripherals and interfaces available on the STM32F405RGT6?
It includes multiple general-purpose timers, serial communication interfaces (such as SPI, I2C, USART), analog-to-digital converters (ADC), Ethernet interface, etc.

3.What are the main features of the ARM Cortex-M4 core of STM32F405RGT6?
The Cortex-M4 core has a built-in DSP instruction set that supports efficient digital signal processing, including multiplication, addition, displacement and other operations, and is suitable for embedded digital signal processing applications.